Practical AI for E-commerce & Business — 實戰商業AI課程
A 10-week, 12-module hands-on course in the AI that e-commerce companies actually use. + Hands-on track: AI Infrastructure for Real Business Problems →
A hands-on course in the AI that companies actually use — with every module grounded in e-commerce work: product listings, customer support, marketing, ops data, and the internal tools that tie them together. No academic theory beyond what you need to make good decisions.
Course Overview — 課程簡介
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Audience | Founders, operators, e-commerce managers, and tech-savvy builders who want to apply AI in a real business (store owners, DTC brands, marketplace sellers, small teams). |
| Format | 10 weeks, 12 modules. ~4–6 hrs/week: short reading + live demo + hands-on exercise + one shipped deliverable per module. |
| Pace | Weeks 1–8 cover two modules in some weeks (see schedule); weeks 9–10 are capstone. |
| Hands-on track | 10 code-first labs — AI Infrastructure for Real Business Problems — with runnable Python/FastAPI/Docker code, tests and a shared store dataset. See Hands-on Track below. |
| Output | A portfolio of working prompts, automations, a RAG knowledge bot, a small AI app, an AI policy, and a capstone deployed in a real (or realistic) store. |
Learning outcomes — 學習成果
By the end you will be able to:
- Explain what LLMs can and cannot do, and pick the right tool for a business task.
- Write reliable, reusable prompts and system instructions for your team.
- Generate and QA product copy, emails, ads, and images at scale with a brand voice.
- Analyse sales, inventory, and customer data with AI — and verify the results.
- Build a knowledge bot over your own docs (RAG) for support and staff.
- Automate multi-step workflows (orders, reviews, tickets, leads) with Zapier / Make / n8n and APIs.
- Use AI coding assistants to build and maintain your own tools.
- Run models locally for private data.
- Ship a simple AI web app that calls an LLM API.
- Govern AI use: security, privacy, cost, and ROI measurement.
Schedule — 時間表
| Week | Modules |
|---|---|
| 1 | M1 Foundations · M2 Prompting & assistants |
| 2 | M3 Writing, content & product listings |
| 3 | M4 Data analysis & spreadsheets |
| 4 | M5 Research & knowledge management (RAG) |
| 5 | M6 Workflow automation & agents |
| 6 | M7 AI coding assistants · M8 Support, sales & marketing |
| 7 | M9 Meetings, voice, image & video · M10 Local & private models |
| 8 | M11 Build an AI app with an API · M12 Governance, security & ROI |
| 9–10 | Capstone build, demo, and review |
Prerequisites — 先修要求
- Comfortable with spreadsheets (Google Sheets or Excel) and basic e-commerce admin (e.g. Shopify, WooCommerce, Amazon Seller Central).
- Optional but helpful for M7, M10, M11: basic command line and reading simple Python or JavaScript.
- Accounts: one paid AI assistant (ChatGPT Plus, Claude Pro, or Gemini Advanced/Google AI Pro), a free Zapier/Make or self-hosted n8n account, a GitHub account, and an API key from OpenAI, Anthropic, or Google AI Studio (budget a few dollars of usage).
- A sample dataset: your store's order/product exports, or a public e-commerce dataset (e.g. the Online Retail dataset on the UCI Machine Learning Repository, or Olist on Kaggle).
Module 1 — AI Foundations for Business · 商業AI基礎
Learning objectives
- Understand LLMs at a practical level: tokens, context windows, temperature, model tiers (fast vs. reasoning models).
- Recognise failure modes: hallucination, stale knowledge, prompt injection, bias.
- Classify company data by sensitivity and know which tools are safe for which data.
Lessons
- What an LLM actually does (next-token prediction, why it sounds confident when wrong).
- Model landscape: OpenAI GPT models, Anthropic Claude, Google Gemini, Meta Llama, Mistral, Qwen, DeepSeek — closed vs. open-weight.
- Limits & hallucination: when to trust, when to verify, grounding with sources.
- Data privacy: consumer vs. business/enterprise plans, training opt-outs, data retention, customer PII and GDPR/CCPA basics.
- Where AI pays off in e-commerce: high-volume, text-heavy, repetitive, reviewable tasks.
Hands-on exercise: Ask three assistants the same five questions about your niche (one factual, one numerical, one about a recent event, one policy question, one creative). Record and score errors.
Tools covered: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Microsoft Copilot.
Deliverable: A one-page "AI opportunity map" listing 10 tasks in your business, scored by volume, risk, and data sensitivity.
Module 2 — Prompting & AI Assistants · 提示工程與AI助手
Learning objectives
- Write structured prompts that produce consistent, reviewable output.
- Configure persistent assistants (Custom GPTs, Claude Projects, Gemini Gems).
- Choose the right assistant for a task.
Lessons
- Prompt anatomy: role, context, task, constraints, examples, output format.
- Few-shot examples, step-by-step reasoning, and asking for structured output (tables, JSON).
- Iteration: critique-and-revise loops, self-check prompts, comparing outputs.
- Persistent assistants: Custom GPTs, Claude Projects, Gemini Gems, Microsoft Copilot in Microsoft 365.
- Building a team prompt library (naming, versioning, owners).
Hands-on exercise: Build a "Store Ops Assistant" project with your brand guide, shipping/returns policy, and product catalogue attached; test it on 10 real staff questions.
Tools covered: ChatGPT (Custom GPTs, Projects), Claude (Projects), Gemini (Gems), Microsoft 365 Copilot.
Deliverable: A prompt library of 10 tested prompts (in a shared doc or Notion) with input/output examples.
Module 3 — AI for Writing, Content & Product Listings · AI寫作、內容與商品文案
Learning objectives
- Produce on-brand product descriptions, emails, and social posts at scale.
- Localise content (e.g. English ↔ Traditional Chinese) with quality checks.
- Set up a human review step that catches errors before publishing.
Lessons
- Brand voice guides as prompts: tone, banned words, reading level.
- Product listings: titles, bullets, descriptions, SEO meta, alt text — from a spec sheet or CSV.
- Email and social: launch sequences, abandoned-cart copy, captions, ad variants.
- Translation and localisation; cultural review.
- QA checklist: factual claims, sizes/materials, compliance wording, duplicates.
Hands-on exercise: Take a 20-row product CSV and generate titles, descriptions, and SEO meta for all rows; import into a Shopify development store or a spreadsheet.
Tools covered: ChatGPT / Claude, Shopify Magic, Grammarly, DeepL, Jasper (optional), Google Docs with Gemini.
Deliverable: Brand voice prompt + 20 published-ready listings + a QA checklist.
Module 4 — AI for Data Analysis & Spreadsheets · AI數據分析與試算表
Learning objectives
- Use AI to clean, analyse, and chart sales, inventory, and customer data.
- Write formulas, pivots, and simple Python analyses with AI help.
- Verify AI-generated numbers.
Lessons
- Uploading data to ChatGPT (data analysis), Claude (analysis tool), and Julius AI; what happens to your file.
- Copilot in Excel and Gemini in Google Sheets: formulas, pivots, summaries.
- Core e-commerce analyses: AOV, repeat rate, cohort retention, RFM segments, SKU ABC analysis, stock-out risk.
- Charts and narrative summaries for weekly reports.
- Verification: recompute key figures, sanity checks, reproducible code.
Hands-on exercise: With a 12-month order export, produce an RFM segmentation, top/bottom SKUs, and a monthly trend chart. Re-check three numbers manually.
Tools covered: ChatGPT data analysis, Claude, Julius AI, Microsoft Copilot in Excel, Gemini in Google Sheets, Python (pandas) in Google Colab.
Deliverable: A one-page weekly KPI report template with AI-written commentary, plus the analysis notebook or prompt chain.
Module 5 — Research & Knowledge Management (RAG) · 研究與知識管理(RAG)
Learning objectives
- Use AI research tools with citations for market and competitor research.
- Understand retrieval-augmented generation (RAG): chunking, embeddings, vector search.
- Build a searchable knowledge bot over internal docs.
Lessons
- Research with citations: Perplexity, ChatGPT search / deep research, Gemini Deep Research.
- NotebookLM for source-grounded Q&A over PDFs, docs, and websites.
- How RAG works: chunking, embeddings, vector databases, re-ranking, citing sources.
- Enterprise search options: Glean, Microsoft 365 Copilot, Notion AI, Google Agentspace.
- Keeping knowledge fresh: ownership, update cadence, evaluation questions.
Hands-on exercise: Load your policies, supplier docs, and FAQ into NotebookLM or a Claude Project; then write a 20-question evaluation set and score answers for accuracy and citation.
Tools covered: Perplexity, NotebookLM, ChatGPT search, Gemini Deep Research, Notion AI, Glean (overview), Chroma / pgvector (concept).
Deliverable: A competitor research brief with citations + an internal knowledge bot with an evaluation scorecard.
Module 6 — Workflow Automation & AI Agents · 工作流程自動化與AI代理
Learning objectives
- Design trigger → AI step → action workflows.
- Connect store, email, sheets, and chat tools via no-code platforms and APIs.
- Understand agents (tool use, multi-step tasks) and where to keep a human in the loop.
Lessons
- Automation building blocks: triggers, actions, filters, webhooks, JSON.
- Zapier (incl. Zapier AI actions), Make, and n8n (self-hostable) compared.
- E-commerce recipes: new review → sentiment + reply draft; new order → fraud/notes check; low stock → supplier email draft; tickets → classify and route.
- Agents: tool calling, MCP (Model Context Protocol), agent builders (OpenAI Agents SDK, n8n AI Agent node); approval steps.
- Reliability: error handling, logging, rate limits, cost per run.
Hands-on exercise: Build a workflow: new product review (Shopify/Judge.me or a form) → LLM classifies sentiment and topic → log to Google Sheets → Slack alert for negative reviews with a suggested reply.
Tools covered: Zapier, Make, n8n, Slack, Google Sheets, OpenAI / Anthropic APIs, webhooks.
Deliverable: Two working automations with a diagram, a run log, and an estimated monthly cost.
Module 7 — AI Coding Assistants · AI編程助手
Learning objectives
- Use AI coding tools to build scripts, small apps, and integrations — even with limited coding background.
- Review, test, and safely run AI-written code.
Lessons
- The landscape: Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Claude Code, OpenAI Codex, Replit, Lovable, v0, Bolt.
- Working effectively: describe the goal, give context files, iterate in small steps.
- Practical builds: Shopify Admin API scripts, CSV transformers, scrapers for your own data, dashboards.
- Git basics for non-engineers: commits, branches, reverting mistakes.
- Safety: secrets in
.env, never paste API keys into prompts, code review, testing.
Hands-on exercise: With Cursor or GitHub Copilot, build a script that pulls the last 30 days of orders via the Shopify Admin API (or reads a CSV) and outputs a daily sales summary to Slack.
Tools covered: Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Claude Code, Replit, GitHub.
Deliverable: A Git repository with a working script, README, and .env.example.
Module 8 — Customer Support, Sales & Marketing · 客戶服務、銷售與市場推廣
Learning objectives
- Deploy AI support with safe escalation paths.
- Use AI for personalisation, segmentation, and ad creative.
- Measure the impact of AI in customer-facing work.
Lessons
- AI support agents: Intercom Fin, Zendesk AI, Gorgias AI Agent, Tidio Lyro; grounding on your help centre; handoff rules.
- Order-status, returns, and sizing questions — what to automate and what never to automate (refund exceptions, angry VIPs, legal).
- Email/SMS marketing AI: Klaviyo AI features, subject-line testing, segmentation.
- Ads and creative: Meta Advantage+, Google Performance Max, generating and testing ad variants.
- Sales and B2B: lead research and outreach drafts (HubSpot Breeze, Apollo), with personalisation that is accurate.
Hands-on exercise: Write the knowledge base and guardrails for a support bot; test it with 25 real tickets (including 5 adversarial ones) and grade the answers.
Tools covered: Intercom Fin, Zendesk AI, Gorgias, Tidio, Klaviyo, Shopify Inbox, HubSpot, Meta Ads Manager, Google Ads.
Deliverable: A support bot configuration with escalation rules + a test report; one AI-assisted email campaign brief.
Module 9 — Meetings, Voice, Image & Video Tools · 會議、語音、圖像與影片工具
Learning objectives
- Automate meeting notes and action items.
- Produce product photos, lifestyle images, and short videos with AI.
- Understand rights, disclosure, and brand consistency for generated media.
Lessons
- Meetings: Otter.ai, Fireflies.ai, Granola, Zoom AI Companion, Microsoft Teams Copilot, Google Meet with Gemini.
- Product imagery: background removal and scene generation (Photoroom, Canva Magic Studio, Adobe Firefly, Shopify Magic image editing).
- Image generation: ChatGPT image generation, Midjourney, Ideogram, Google Imagen — prompts for consistent style.
- Video and voice: Runway, Google Veo, CapCut, HeyGen, Synthesia, ElevenLabs — product demos, UGC-style ads, multilingual voice-overs.
- Rights & disclosure: commercial licences, likeness consent, platform labelling rules, not misrepresenting the product.
Hands-on exercise: Turn 3 plain product photos into a set of marketplace-ready images (white background + 2 lifestyle scenes) and one 15-second vertical video ad with voice-over.
Tools covered: Otter.ai, Fireflies.ai, Granola, Photoroom, Canva, Adobe Firefly, Midjourney, Runway, CapCut, HeyGen, ElevenLabs.
Deliverable: A creative asset pack + a reusable image-prompt style guide.
Module 10 — Local & Private Models · 本地與私有模型
Learning objectives
- Run open-weight models on your own machine or server.
- Decide when local beats cloud (privacy, cost, offline) and when it doesn't (quality, speed).
- Connect a local model to your tools via an OpenAI-compatible API.
Lessons
- Open-weight models: Llama, Qwen, Mistral, Gemma, DeepSeek; parameter size vs. hardware (RAM/VRAM); quantisation (GGUF).
- Ollama and LM Studio: install, pull, chat, serve an API.
- llama.cpp: lightweight, high-control inference; vLLM for server deployments.
- Private RAG: local embeddings + Chroma, Open WebUI or AnythingLLM as a team front end.
- Trade-offs: quality benchmarks on your tasks, maintenance, licences.
Hands-on exercise: Install Ollama, run two models, and compare them against a cloud model on 10 of your Module 2 prompts (e.g. classifying customer emails that contain PII).
Tools covered: Ollama, LM Studio, llama.cpp, Open WebUI, AnythingLLM, Hugging Face.
Deliverable: A local-vs-cloud comparison table with a recommendation for which tasks stay local.
Module 11 — Build a Simple AI App with an API · 用API構建簡單AI應用
Learning objectives
- Call LLM APIs directly: messages, system prompts, structured outputs, tool calling.
- Build and deploy a small web app for a real business task.
- Track cost and add basic evaluation.
Lessons
- API fundamentals: OpenAI, Anthropic, and Gemini APIs; keys, tokens, pricing per million tokens, rate limits.
- Structured outputs (JSON schemas) and function/tool calling.
- A minimal app with Streamlit (Python) or Next.js; optional frameworks (LangChain, LlamaIndex, Vercel AI SDK).
- Adding RAG: embeddings, a vector store (pgvector, Chroma), citations.
- Deploy & operate: Streamlit Community Cloud, Vercel, or Render; logging, caching, evals, cost caps.
Hands-on exercise: Build a "Listing Generator" app: upload a product spec CSV → app returns structured title/bullets/description/SEO JSON → export CSV ready for Shopify import.
Tools covered: OpenAI API, Anthropic API, Google AI Studio / Gemini API, Streamlit, Vercel, Cursor.
Deliverable: A deployed app URL + repo + a cost-per-100-products estimate.
Module 12 — Governance, Security & ROI Measurement · 管治、安全與投資回報衡量
Learning objectives
- Write a practical AI usage policy.
- Identify and mitigate AI-specific security risks.
- Measure ROI with baselines rather than assumptions.
Lessons
- AI usage policy: approved tools, data classes allowed per tool, review requirements, disclosure.
- Security: prompt injection, data leakage, over-permissioned agents, API key management, vendor review (SOC 2, DPA).
- Regulation awareness: GDPR, CCPA, EU AI Act, consumer-protection rules on reviews and advertising, Hong Kong PDPO guidance on AI.
- ROI: baseline time/cost per task, measure after, include quality and error costs, subscription + API spend.
- Change management: champions, training, feedback loops, retiring tools that don't deliver.
Hands-on exercise: Pick two automations from earlier modules; measure the before/after time per task and error rate over one week.
Tools covered: Policy templates, Google Sheets/Excel ROI model, vendor trust centres, API usage dashboards (OpenAI, Anthropic).
Deliverable: A one-page AI policy + an ROI sheet for two use cases.
Hands-on Track — AI Infrastructure for Real Business Problems · 實作專題:AI基礎架構
A code-first companion to the modules. Ten labs build a working AI platform for one fictional store, Kettle & Kiln (an online tea-ware shop), on one shared dataset (hands-on/data/). Every lab has:
- a lesson with a business problem, an architecture diagram, exact setup commands, tests, cost notes, common failures, a stretch exercise and a deliverable checklist
- runnable code under
hands-on/labs/NN/: Python 3.12, FastAPI, Docker Compose,.env.example, tests
All tests run offline with a mock model; live results in the lessons are single CPU runs with small local models, labelled as such. No prices or benchmarks are quoted. Start with the track overview.
| # | Lab | What you build | Modules |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Model Access: Local vs Cloud | One client for Ollama / llama.cpp / cloud; PII-aware router | M1, M10 |
| 02 | Prompts as Code + Evals | Versioned prompts, eval sets, CI gate | M2 |
| 03 | Product-Listing Generator | Validated bilingual listings API + Shopify CSV | M3 |
| 04 | Support Knowledge Base (RAG) | Hybrid retrieval, citations, refusal, RAG eval | M5 |
| 05 | Customer-Service Agent | Tool-calling refund agent with code-enforced policy and guardrails | M6, M8 |
| 06 | n8n Automations | Review / ticket / lead workflows calling AI services | M6 |
| 07 | Sales-Data Copilot | Guarded text-to-SQL on DuckDB with verification + golden eval | M4 |
| 08 | Self-Hosting | Compose, Caddy, Cloudflare Tunnel, GPU, TrueNAS, backups | M10 |
| 09 | AI Gateway & Observability | Auth, rate limits, budgets, PII redaction, tracing, cost report | M12 |
| 10 | Capstone Platform | Everything behind one gateway; smoke + load tests; production checklist | M11, Capstone |
Capstone Project — 畢業專題 (Weeks 9–10)
Brief: Design, build, and present an AI solution that solves a real problem in an e-commerce business (yours or a realistic case). It must combine at least three course elements (e.g. RAG + automation + API app) and include governance and ROI.
Example projects
- AI support agent grounded on the help centre with order-status lookup and human escalation.
- Product catalogue pipeline: supplier spec → listings + images + translations → Shopify import, with QA gates.
- Weekly ops copilot: pulls sales/inventory data, flags anomalies, drafts reorder emails for approval.
- Review intelligence: collects reviews across channels, clusters themes, feeds product and marketing teams.
Required submissions: problem statement & baseline metrics · architecture diagram · working demo (video or live) · repo or workflow export · AI policy notes for this use case · ROI estimate · 10-minute presentation.
Grading rubric — 評分準則
| Criterion | Weight | Excellent (4) | Good (3) | Fair (2) | Poor (1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Business problem & baseline | 15% | Clear, measured baseline from real data | Clear problem, rough baseline | Vague problem | No baseline |
| Solution design | 20% | Fit-for-purpose, ≥3 elements, sensible human-in-loop | Sound design, minor gaps | Works but over/under-engineered | Unclear design |
| Working build | 25% | Reliable end-to-end demo, handles edge cases | Works on main path | Partial demo | Not working |
| Quality & evaluation | 15% | Test set, measured accuracy, failure analysis | Some testing | Ad-hoc checks | None |
| Governance & security | 10% | Data classes, permissions, injection risk addressed | Main risks noted | Brief mention | Ignored |
| ROI & rollout | 10% | Credible ROI incl. costs; rollout plan | ROI estimate | Benefits only | None |
| Presentation | 5% | Clear, concise, decision-ready | Clear | Hard to follow | Missing |
Pass mark: weighted average ≥ 2.5.
30-60-90 Day Company Rollout Plan — 30-60-90天公司推行計劃
| Phase | Goals | Key actions | Exit criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Days 1–30: Foundation | Safe access, quick wins | Approve 1–2 business-tier assistants; publish AI usage policy; run Modules 1–3 training; build team prompt library; pick 3 pilot use cases (e.g. listings, support drafts, weekly report); record baselines | Policy signed; ≥3 pilots running; baselines recorded |
| Days 31–60: Pilots → Process | Prove value on real work | Build automations for pilots (Zapier/Make/n8n); launch internal knowledge bot; support AI in draft-only mode; weekly review of quality and cost; name AI champions per team | Measured before/after on each pilot; go/no-go per pilot |
| Days 61–90: Scale & govern | Expand what works, stop what doesn't | Promote winning pilots to production (customer-facing where safe); add monitoring, evals, and cost caps; vendor/security review; start an internal tool or API app; quarterly roadmap | ROI report to leadership; owners and SLAs for each AI workflow; next-quarter backlog |
Tool Cheat Sheet — 工具速查表
Cost tiers: Free = usable free tier · $ = roughly under US$30/user/month · $$ = higher subscription or usage-based · $$$ = enterprise/sales-led. Pricing changes often — check vendor sites.
| Tool | Use | Cost tier |
|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT | General assistant, data analysis, Custom GPTs, image generation | Free / $ / $$$ |
| Claude | Writing, analysis, long documents, Projects | Free / $ / $$$ |
| Gemini | Assistant, Gems, Google Workspace integration, Deep Research | Free / $ |
| Microsoft 365 Copilot | AI in Word, Excel, Outlook, Teams | $$ |
| Perplexity | Cited web research | Free / $ |
| NotebookLM | Q&A and summaries over your own sources | Free / $ |
| Shopify Magic / Sidekick | Product copy, store admin assistant | Included with Shopify |
| Klaviyo AI | Email/SMS copy, segments, send-time | Included in paid plans |
| Intercom Fin | AI customer support agent | $$ (per resolution) |
| Gorgias | E-commerce helpdesk with AI agent | $$ |
| Zendesk AI | Helpdesk AI agents & triage | $$ / $$$ |
| Zapier | No-code automation with AI steps | Free / $ / $$ |
| Make | Visual automation scenarios | Free / $ |
| n8n | Self-hostable automation & AI agents | Free (self-host) / $ |
| Cursor | AI code editor | Free / $ |
| GitHub Copilot | AI coding in IDE & GitHub | Free / $ |
| Claude Code | Terminal coding agent | $ / $$ |
| Julius AI | Data analysis chat | Free / $ |
| Otter.ai / Fireflies.ai | Meeting transcription & notes | Free / $ |
| Photoroom | Product photo editing & backgrounds | Free / $ |
| Canva Magic Studio | Design + AI image tools | Free / $ |
| Midjourney | Image generation | $ |
| Runway | AI video generation & editing | Free / $ / $$ |
| HeyGen | Avatar & translated video | Free / $ / $$ |
| ElevenLabs | Voice-over & voice cloning | Free / $ / $$ |
| DeepL | Translation | Free / $ |
| Ollama | Run open models locally | Free |
| LM Studio | Desktop app for local models | Free |
| llama.cpp | Lightweight local inference | Free (open source) |
| OpenAI / Anthropic / Gemini APIs | Build AI into your own apps | Usage-based ($–$$) |
| Streamlit | Quick Python web apps | Free / $ |
Glossary — 詞彙表
- LLM (Large Language Model / 大型語言模型): A model trained on large text corpora to predict and generate text.
- Token: A chunk of text (part of a word) — the unit for model limits and API pricing.
- Context window: How much text a model can consider at once.
- Hallucination (幻覺): Confident but false or unsupported output.
- Prompt / System prompt: Instructions to the model; the system prompt sets persistent behaviour.
- Few-shot: Including examples in a prompt to show the desired output.
- RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation / 檢索增強生成): Retrieving relevant documents and giving them to the model so answers are grounded and citable.
- Embedding: A numeric vector representing meaning, used for semantic search.
- Vector database: Storage optimised for similarity search over embeddings (e.g. pgvector, Chroma).
- Agent (AI代理): An AI system that plans and takes actions using tools, often over multiple steps.
- Tool / function calling: A model outputting a structured request to run a function or API.
- MCP (Model Context Protocol): An open standard for connecting AI apps to tools and data sources.
- Fine-tuning: Further training a model on your examples to change its behaviour.
- Open-weight model: A model whose weights can be downloaded and run yourself (e.g. Llama, Qwen, Mistral).
- Quantisation: Compressing a model (e.g. GGUF 4-bit) to run on smaller hardware.
- Prompt injection: Malicious text in inputs (emails, web pages, reviews) that tries to hijack the model's instructions.
- Eval (評估): A repeatable test set to measure AI output quality.
- Human-in-the-loop: A person reviews or approves AI output before it takes effect.
- PII: Personally identifiable information (names, addresses, emails, phone numbers).
- ROI: Return on investment — value gained versus total cost (tools, usage, time, errors).